Bee forage Characterization of the "Minas" Department
Córdoba - Argentina. Luisa Oliva et al.

Lecture gived by teachers of the National University of Córdoba in the Argentine Beekeeping Regions Meeting, during the "XII Fair and Beekeeping Meeting from the Center of the Country" last May in San Francisco city, Córdoba province.
The beekeepers could make their consultations directly to the team of investigators. Agriculturist Luisa OLIVA (1); PhD Cristina COSTA (2); Agric. Raúl NOBILE (1); Agric. Julio A. SPADONI (1); Agric. Enrique SOSA (1); Agric. Victor BARRIONUEVO (1); Agric. Patricia CISTERNAS (1); Biologist Estela PISTONE (2) (1) Facultad de Agronomía - UNC (2) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - UNC

Prosopis torquata. Prosopis are present from the Argentine Patagonia to Chihuahua in México.
The work includes the following items:
- INTRODUCTION
- BIO-WEATHER CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STUDY AREA
- METHODOLOGY
- BEE FORAGE CHARACTERIZATION
- FLOWERING PERIODS AND THE MAIN NATIVE SPECIES IN THE MINAS DEPARTMENT
Presenting a floral calendar of the following species in the study region:
Maytenus spinosa; Prosopis alba; Prosopis nigra; Capparis atamisquea; Cercidium praecox; Maytenus vitis-idaea; Geoffroea decorticans; Baccharis salicifolia; Flourensia campestris; Acacia caven; Acacia praecox; Acacia furcatispina); Larrea divaricata; Mimozyganthus carinatus; Zizyphus mistol; Lithraea molleoides; Schinus fasciculata; (Trithrinas campestris; Aloysia gratissima; Senna aphylla; Condalia microphylla; Aloysia polystachia; (Apidosperma quebracho blanco; Schinopsis marginata; Opuntia quimilo; Jodinia rhombifolia; Celtis tala; Celtis pallida; Prosopis torquata; Gaillardia megapotamica; Acacia aroma; Cereus forbesii; Solidago chilensis; Glandularia dissecta
- HONEYS CLASSIFICATION
Pedanía Guasapampa: It is possible to produce monoforal honeys of "Molle" (Lithraea molleoides) and "Lata" (Mimozyganthus carinatus).
Pedanía Ciénaga del Coro: There are bifloral Honeys of "Poleo" (Lippia turbinata) and "Atamisqui" (Capparis atamisquea).
Pedanía San Carlos: Most of the honeys are multifloral.
Prosopis are represented by secondary pollen - in percentages from the 16 to 45% - the same as "Jarilla" , "Molle" and "Palo amarillo". Other species of beekeeping interes are represented between 3 to 15%.
Most of the analyzed honeys are Class III: 100.000 - 500.000 grains/10 grams of honey; and Class V: 500.000 - 1.000.000 grains/10 grams of honey (Mauricio, A. 1975).
- FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY


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Legal support for Beekeepers
Rubén Layún
Córdoba - Argentina

The lecture of Dr. Camel Rubén Layún in the "XII Fair and Beekeeping Meeting from the Center of the Country", on Friday May 14, 2004
1. - The beekeeper's situation.
2. - Labour Collective of the sector.
3. - The specific question. (Nitrofurane traces in honey).
According to the San Francisco summoning the Dr. Layún said: The objective of this meeting is fundamentally limited to agree the defense of the sector settling fundamentally in the legal way to arrive to do the justice, in front of that is considered fair and that its benefits transcend to the producers, including the workers of the sector, the trade and industries linked and the own National State.
4. - Political or juridical actions. He asserted: These actions are not antagonistic but the second should not be obviated.
5. - To discern, to analyze and to have critical sense.

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Production under Quality Protocols.
COSAR - Gálvez
Santa Fe - Argentina

These beekeepers have produced honey more than for five years under a protocol of quality. About the protocol you can see Espacio Apícola # 37 April of 1999 and # 38, July of 1999.
Eliseo Pietrasanta, Néstor Odel, Nelso Giulano, Félix Aloero, Walter and Marcelo Rapuzzi received us in their extraction room in Colonia Belgrano (SF) to share their experience.
In one of the passages of the extensive article Néstor Odel says: "at the beginning we found too many requirements were requested that will never be possible to complete.
Then we realized that paying attention and taking some minutes every day to regist the work done it was enough."
After explaining several procedures it concludes: "Whenever they force you to make something it seems impossible to complete, until it goes making comfortable and you discover that everything is possible."
In another part of the same article, referring to the current tendencies to homogenize the honey, Walter Rapuzzi comments us: "We don't understand, it is a contradiction to speak about to trace the Argentinean honeys, the honeys of Santa Fe, and now to homogenize everything. We have worked a lot looking for identify our honeys. Today we can prove who is the owner and the area of which each drum proceeds. We have identified drum for drum."
Regarding if they had received some subsidy for the construction of their extraction room or stage of the process he emphasized: "No, any subsidy, we made it with own resources and commitments that we assume in kilograms of honey that we are ready to finish in this year."
The report, of approximately 10 pages, with pictures and comments of all the members of the group refer from the basic aspects of the beekeeping to the commercialization that this group made by the cooperative, COSAR, to which belongs.

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