For an Agricultural Integration

Original in Spanish

The overwhelming expansion of soya fields has enriched to a minority in the Argentina and it has excluded hundreds of rural producers when displacing from all arable land many vegetable, fruit or cattle raisers farms. This situation is much more serious for the Argentinean beekeepers. So that Espacio Apicola has been promoting, from its pages and the meetings we make, an integration effort in the rural sectors.

Published on May of 2006

ARGENTINE BEEKEEPING MAGAZINE
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CURRENT INFORMATION ABOUT ARGENTINE BEEKEEPING
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Main titles of the 72ndeditionof ESPACIO APICOLA,
April-May - 2006.

Index
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EDITOR WORDS:
FOR THE AGRICULTURAL INTEGRATION
Fernando L EstebanCordoba: (May 2006) - We had invited Dra. Mayda Verde to this “XIV Fair and Beekeeping Meeting from the center of the country" to share her experience of agricultural integration that the republic of Cuba seems to have reached with enough success and benefits, with our readers and participants of the Meeting.
Among these success they have developed several food productive chains. For what we know, Cuba was a country affected by the sugar cane monoculture, what not only restricted the auto-provisioning of the whole alimentary universe, even also, it impoverished the culture of the country, slave of the business of exportation of sugar and it finished, when the price of the cane sugar fell 900% in the first half of last century, transforming Cuba into a brothel of some North Americans.
Paradoxically, after the revolution headed by Fidel Castro, the blockade of those that prostituted it, liberated it, in great measure, not without pain and big limitations, of the dependence of the foreign currency that entered through the exportation of sugar cheaper each day, like for degrading services. Today Cuba has developed more than thirty complete food production chains, what guarantees the necessary for a balanced diet. It achieved it leaving the monoculture and “promoting and cultivating” the biodiversity. In that context the beekeeping stopped being an entertainment for some ones to constitute a tool for the agricultural development. The tourism that at the moment visit Cuba leaves important currency, through the therapeutic alternatives, many of them based on beekeeping products that should generate due to the lack of synthesis medicines, prioritizing so that the natural products and the care of the ecosystem that provides them.
Mayda Verde is a worker of the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and due to the commitments she has for her position and to our lack of relationship with the official spheres, that possibility couldn't be made.
We cannot replace her testimony but, this "Espacio Apicola" is plentiful of resources to demonstrate that the Argentine Beekeeping rises to the occasion when designing an agricultural and alimentay politic is wanted.
Enjoy your "Espacio Apicola" (Beekeeping Space !).
Fernando L. Esteban - Director
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SOWING FOR BEES - BEEKEEPING AND CATTLE PROJECT SAN SEBASTIAN
Patricio Crespo
patriciocrespo@yahoo.com
Chivilcoy - Buenos Aires - Argentina

Patricio Crespo en Colmenar

Dr. Patricio Crespo presents a synthesis of his experience in the sowing of pastures for beekeping and cattle forage, developed during the last years in the North of Buenos Aires Provice, area of Chivilcoy. The work is on-line with the experiences begun by Mr. Sacavino and those we published in "Espacio Apícola" 65th of Héctor Suriak and Herman Zorzin, both in the Santa Fe Province.
Patricio Crespo points out that in our country one of the few works carried out in function of cultivation with double purpose (cattle and Beekeeping) and with scientific method, is the Alfalfa test carried out by Gabriel and Fernando Vairolatti published in "Espacio Apícola" 52nd April 2002 and that that year was presented in the Fair and Beekeeping Meeting from the Center of the Country, in San Francisco.
Due to the lack of appropriate bibliographical material that relate the variables of beekeeping and cattle production valued in a reasonable balance, Dr. Crespo offers us a valuable contribution like a tool for those who want to begin in this practice, to contribute to the just started debate and leaving implicitly outlined the challenge of an integrated agriculture, in front of the proliferation of technological closed “packages”, as the soya or the blueberry that look for eliminating any interference and they destroy the ecosystems and with them, the beekeeping.
The work that includes different mixtures of recommended pastures, comparative graphics of grass production, meat and development of the beehive, illustrative pictures and more, includes the following subtitles:
- INTRODUCTION
- PLANING THE BEEKEEPING AND CATTLE PROJECT
- IMPORTANCE OF THE POLLEN IN THE BEEHIVE
- SCIENTIFIC CONFIRMATION OF THE TEST
- PRODUCTIVE DATA OF THE FIRST TEST
- FIRST RESULTS
- MOST RECENT TEST
- RESULTS OF THE RECENT TEST
- SUGGESTIONS TO THE BEEKEEPER
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ECOLOGICAL BEEKEEPING - ORGANIC CERTIFICATION
- Griselda Jullier
gjulier@letis.com.ar
- Santa Fe - Argentina

With the appropriate academic formation to speak about foods and having worked during many years in the Foods Laboratory of Santa Fe Province, the biochemist Griselda Jullier has been studying from a privilege site the use of rules and quality controls that the European Union has imposed since 1997.
Since she started to work with honey, she's been near of "Espacio Apícola" magazine and the "Fair and Beekeeping Meeting from the center of the country”.
She began with the food control, then she started with the pallinological identification of honeys and the its regional characterization from Santa Fe Province.
Nowadays she is presenting a synthesis of her dissertation of this year, about the certification of organic honeys, from the point of view of Letis CORP., the certification company she works for.
The article includes a description of all the requirements for the certification of organic products referred to the following topics:
- Why produce organic?
- Statistics
- Exports and Imports of organic honey
- The Organic Certification
- Administrative requirements
- The organic inspection
- The organic production
- Alimentary security applied to the organic beekeeping production
- Hazard Analysis and Control of Critical Points (HACCP)
- DANGERS CLASSIFICATION
- Standard and critical limits

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MELLIFEROUS FLORA FROM CHACO
Cristina Salgado
polenenmiel@agr.unne.edu.ar
UNNE - Corrientes - Argentina

Palma en flor, Copernicia alba

ABSTRACT
The present work is the fruit of the first stage of investigation activities refered to the determination of some resources of pollen and nectar, used by Apis mellifera, in the Argentine Province of Chaco. It tries to satisfy the current demands of the beekeeping production and become a tool of knowledge applicable to the sector. At the same time, it tries to be a contribution to know more about the Melliferous Flora of the province.
It is the result of the work carried out with beekeepers from Chaco promoted by the coordinator of PROSAP through the Project of Commercial Development of Non Traditional Products that is executed in the Ministry of Production of Chaco.
The work was carried out in the whole province and the report of data was carried out during the beekeeping period 2004 - 2005. 152 samples of honey sealed, 20 of immature honey and 15 of pollen from the pollen basket (corbicula) were analyzed, obtained from 36 apiaries visits. The samples were processed and analyzed according to conventional methods of the melissopalynology. It was confirmed the presence of honeys with monofloral, polifloral and mixed origin. 95 types of pollen were identified in the analyses of honey carried out. The study allowed to confirm the mainly native floral origin of the honeys produced in the county of Chaco.
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS
- CONCLUSIONS
- GRATEFULNESS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CHARACTERIZATION, PHENOLOGY AND BEEKEEPING INTEREST OF THE VEGETATION OF THE DIAMANTE DEPARTMENT, Entre Ríos Province
Guillermina Fagúndez and others
guillermina_fagundez@yahoo.com.ar
CONICET Diamante - Entre Ríos - Argentina

ABSTRACT
The objective of the present work was studying the flora used by the domestic bee (Apis mellifera L.) in the department Diamante, Entre Ríos, from the point of view of its availability in the beekeeping season. This work is a previous task in the study of the resources of nectar and pollen used by this insect, through the palynologic analysis of honeys and pollen from pollen basket (corbicula).
To sum up the same one phenologic census were carried out biweekly in diffent preset areas (registering the flowering time of each species: Beggining, fullness or end). The data were raised during the periods 1999-2002. The determination of the beekeeping interest species was made according to the field activity of bees, as well as pertinent bibliography. With this information a phenologic calendar was elaborated that included 273 species, detailing the type of resource it brings (nectar, pollen or both) and the origin of each one of them (native or exotic).
The analysis of the information determined that an abundant flowering existed along the whole beekeeping season talking about the number of species. The native ones overcame thoroughly the exotic ones through the whole period; but when considering the surface occupied by each one of them, the first ones lose importance because they are in very reduced areas due to the intense human action made in the department.
Two flowering (picks) were presented; one in spring, conformed by native and exotic species, most of them herbaceous, but with an important contribution of arboreal and bush species; and another at the beggining of the summer, of more magnitude, represented by mainly native species, and herbaceous.
The herbaceous species prevailed in comparison with the arboreal and bush ones during the whole season, with picks of flowering that coincide with the previously mentioned ones; the second presented two picks, the higher during the spring, and the shorter in the middle of summer. Compositae and Leguminosae were the most numerous families and with higher flowering volume. The Umbelliferous were important in flowering volume. The contribution of the Compositae lasted during the whole season, while the Leguminosae and Umbelliferous contributed mainly in spring. Taking into account the kind of resource they contributed, prevailed the ones which offer as nectar as pollen.

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"ABREPUÑO AMARILLO" Honeys Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)
- Ofelia Ana Naab and María Angélica Tamame
naab@agro.unlpam.edu.ar
Faculty of Agronomy UNLP - La Pampa - Argentina
Centaurea solstitialis a la orilla de los caminos pampeanos
"The 'abrepuño amarillo' or 'abrepuño' is a weed introduced in Argentina from Eurasia and distributed widely through the wold. Nowadays it can be found in the mild areas of the planet. In Argentina, it's very common in provinces as Salta, Chaco, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, San Luis, La Pampa, Buenos Aires, Neuquén and Río Negro. It also can be found in borderingcountries as Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil. In La Pampa is very common in modified places of the Pampeana Steppe and the "caldenal" (Prosopis caldenia area).
Acording to that geographical distribution, we can find "abrepuño" honeys in the phytogeographic province of "Espinal", district of Prosopis caldenia and in the "Pampeana" phytogeographic province. Most of the monofloral european honeys of "abrepuño" come from Italy and France." The article describes these honeys for the specified region in the following subtitles:
0 - Characteristic of the "abrepuño"
- Its importance in the Pampeans Honeys
- Approaches used to determine the botanical origin of a honey
- Pollinic characters
- Physical and chemical characters
- Conclusions
- Chart 1: Pollen Characteristic of the abrepuño honeys
- Chart 2: Chemical - physical and pollen characteristics of abrepuño honeys
- Bibliography

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First on-line edition March 5th of 1997


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